Bosnia and Herzegovina has been inhabited since Neolithic times, and has witnessed to the migration and mixing of various Indo-European tribes, including the Illyrians, Celts, Romans, Huns, Avars and Slavs.

Bosnia and Herzegovina was part of various kingdoms and alliances over a long period of its existence. Significant phase in the history of the medieval Bosnian state (11- 14th century) are: Ottoman rule (1463-1878) Austro-Hungarian era (1878-1918), period of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918-1941), during the Second World War period of "Independent Republic of Croatia" (1941-1945), Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945-1992), and independent Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-present).

The Latest war that took place from April 1992 - December 1995, brings by its end Bosnia and Herzegovina significant help for reconstruction by the United Nations, the European Union and NATO member states in order to encourage economic development. Years after the war has ended, investments continued in order to bring renewal of the basic functions of the state and bring the country closer to meeting some of the EU pre-accession requirements.

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is one of the two political entities that constitutes the modern state of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the other entity called the Republic of Srpska). Two entities were created by drawing inter-entity lines. Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is primarily inhabited by Bosniaks and Croats, which is why it is informally referred to as the Bosniak-Croatian Federation. However, by the Constitutional Court in 2001, the Serbs were declared as the third constituent ethnic group in the Federation. Something similar has happend in the Republic of Srpska, where Bosniaks and Croats were declared constitutive ethnic groups.

Republic of Srpska is one of the two entities and territorially organized in 63 municipalities. With the capital city located in Banja Luka, which has its administrative, economic and cultural center.